industial in indonesia

Indonesia's industrial sector has not fully recovered from the blows of the Asian financial crises in 1997–1998, when the fall of the rupiah, from about 2,600 down to 17,000 to one US dollar, left 75% to 80% of its businesses technically bankrupt. Recovery to pre-crisis levels has been hindered by both internal and external disturbances, particularly after 2001, when the effects of the global slowdown were aggravated by intensifying political violence and uncertainty climaxing in the 12 October 2002 bombings in the Bali resort of Kuta Beach. The Indonesian government's Industrial Production Index showed a year on year ( yoy ) growth throughout 2000, peaking at a 14% increase in the first quarter of 2001. Year on year increases declined in second and third quarters, and then turned negative in the fourth quarter, reaching a -13% ( yoy ) decline in the second quarter of 2002. Smaller enterprises, reflected in the government's figures for nonoil manufacturing, have done better, maintaining a positive yoy growth rate, although one that has dropped steadily from a 7.5% ( yoy ) improvement in the first quarter of 2000 to less than 3% ( yoy ) in the second quarter of 2001. Overall, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) estimates that the industrial production growth rate in 2001 was 3.1%. The leading industries by value are petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel and footwear; mining; cement; chemical fertilizers; plywood; rubber; food and tourism.